Professor William Skinner 

Professor Bill Skinner co-ordinates the Materials and Environmental Surface Science Sector in the Ian Wark Research Institute.

Bill completed his PhD while lecturing in Applied Physics at RMIT. He then joined the Australian Antarctic Division working as a Field Glaciologist with the Ice Core Drilling Program over a period of two years. He joined the IWRI in 1992 as a Research Fellow working on the surface chemistry and physics of minerals and materials.

Adjunct Research Professor, Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, Canada

Member in the Faculty of Graduate Studies for the Geology Graduate Program, University of Western Ontario, Canada

Bill Skinner's Home Page at the Ian Wark Research Institute

Australian Synchrotron Project

Beamline 6 Soft X-ray Spectroscopy

Australian Synchrotron Beamline Advisory Panel (BAP) for the soft X-ray beamline, Beamline 6

Chair, Australian Synchrotron Research Program (ASRP) Specialist Committee for the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Centre, Taiwan

Australian Synchrotron Research Program (ASRP) - alternate member of Policy and Review Board

Committee, ARC Network - Molecular and Materials Structure Network.

BSc Melbourne BAppSc PhD RMIT

• Research Interests Surface physics and chemistry of oxides, minerals, semiconductors and polymers; Surface modification of materials including plasma surface modification; Bioactive materials and surface layers; Application and development of surface and analytical techniques in minerals and materials processing, surface modification, activation processes, particles and powders, thin films, L-B films and self assembled monolayers, forensic and environmental science, biological systems; Surface and near surface analytical techniques - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and synchrotron radiation techniques (XPS, XRF, XANES), scanning Auger microscopy (SAM), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).

Book Chapters 1. Sood D. K., Skinner W. M., Gazecki J., Williams J.S. and Baglin J. E. E., A study of ion beam induced adhesion effects in some metal/insulator systems, in Ion Beam Processes in Advanced Electronic Materials and Device Technology. Mater. Res. Soc., pp.219, (1985) 2. Detection and Control of Calcium Sulfate Precipitation in the Lead Circuit of the Hilton Concentrator of Mount Isa Mines Limited, Australia, S. R. Grano, P. L. M. Wong, W. M. Skinner, N. W. Johnson and J. Ralston, International Mineral Processing Congress, San Francisco, November 1995, Proceedings of the XIX International Mineral Processing Congress, Vol. 3, Chapter 29, pp 171-179 (1996) 3. Smart, R. St. C., Netting, A. K. O., Skinner, W. M., Fielden, M., Hayes, R. A. and Ralston, J., Advanced Surface Analytical Techniques in Characterisation and Quality Assurance of Coatings, in Quality Control and Assurance in Advanced Surface Engineering, eds. K. N. Strafford and C. Subramanian, Institute of Materials Publications, Chapter 6, p71-98 (1997) 4. Martin, R. R., Furimsky, E., Jinesh Jain and Skinner, W. M., Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of the Trace Metal Distribution in the Annual Growth Rings of Trees, in Environmental Biomonitoring - Exposure Assessment and Specimen Banking, ACS Symposium Series No. 654, eds. Subramanian, K. S. and Iyengar, G. V., American Chemical Society, Chapter 3, pp 30-42 (1997) 5. Smart, R, Arora, P, Steveson, M, Kawashima, N, Cavallaro, G P, Ming, H & Skinner, W, (2001), New approaches to metal ceramic and bioceramic interfacial bonding in Ceramic Interfaces 2, (H I Yoo, S L J Kang Eds.), UK, IOM Communications, 293-326 6. Kawashima, N, Self, P, Skinner, W & Smart, R, (2003), 'Comparison of bioceramic coatings on metals from Sol-Gel, PACVD and precipitation processes', Ceramic Interfaces: Properties and Applications V, 73-87, Tsukuba, Japan, (K Uematsu and H Yokokawa Eds), 2003 7. Surface Analytical Studies of Oxidation and Collector Adsorption in Sulphide Mineral Flotation, R.St.C. Smart, J. Amarantidis, W.M. Skinner, C.A. Prestidge, L. LaVanier, J.E. Thomas and S. Grano in "Solid/Liquid Interfaces – Macroscopic Phenomena – Microscopic Understanding” (Eds K. Wandelt and S. Thurgate), Topics in Applied Physics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 3-62 (2003) 8. Smart, R. St.C., Jasieniak, M., Piantadosi, C. and Skinner, W.M., Diagnostic Surface Analysis in Sulfide Flotation, in Flotation and Flocculation: From Fundamentals to Applications, 241-248 (2003). 9. Séguin, V., Courchesne, F., Gagnon, C., Martin, R.R., Naftel, S. and Skinner, W., Mineral weathering in the rhizosphere of forested soils, in Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements in the Rhizosphere. P.M. Huang and G.R. Gobran, (eds.), Elsevier, New York (2005) 10. Smart, R.StC., Skinner, W.M., Mielczarski, J., Chryssoulis, S., Pratt, A.R., Lastra, R. and Gerson, A.R., Hope, G.A., Wang, X., Fa, K. and Miller, J.D., Surface Characterisation and New Tools for Research in Froth Flotation: A Century of Innovation, SME Publishing, pp283-337 (2007) 11. Pendleton, P., Badalyan, A., Bromball, R. and Skinner, W., Effect of oxidizing agent on activated carbon cloth porosity and surface chemistry, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 160, Llewellyn, P.L. et al (Eds.), Elsevier, 575-582 (2007) Refereed Journal Articles 12. Sood, D.K., Skinner, W.M., Williams, J.S., Helium and electron beam induced enhancement in adhesion of Al, Au and Pt films on glass, Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials & Atoms, B7-8, pt.2, pp.893-9, (1985) 13. Skinner, W.M., Ion Beam Adhesion Effects in the Cu/Sapphire Interfacial System, Journal of Applied Physics. 74(3), pp1670-1674, (1993) 14. Prestidge, C.A., Skinner, W.M., Ralston, J. and Smart, R.St.C., The Interaction of Iron (III) Species with Galena Surfaces, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 105, 2/3, pp325-339 (1995) 15. Skinner, W.M., Prestidge, C.A. and Smart, R.St.C., Irradiation Effects During X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy studies of Copper (II) Activated Zinc Sulfide, Surface and Interface Analysis, Vol. 24, No. 9, pp620-626 (1996) 16. Prestidge, C.A., Skinner, W.M. and Smart, R.St.C., Copper (II) Activation and Cyanide Deactivation of of Zinc Sulphide Under Mildly Alkaline Conditions, Applied Surface Science, Vol. 108, No. 3, p333 (1997) 17. Morgan V. I., Wookey C. W., Li J. Vanommen TD. Skinner W. M. Fitzpatrick MF. Site information and initial results from deep ice drilling on Law Dome, Antarctica, Journal of Glaciology. 43(143):3-10 (1997) 18. Grano, S.R., Sollaart, M., Skinner, W.M., Prestidge, C.A., and Ralston, J., Surface Modification in the Chalcopyrite-Sulphite System I. Collectorless Flotation, XPS and Dissolution Study, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 50, pp1-26 (1997) 19. Grano, S.R., Cnossen, H., Skinner, W. M., Prestidge, C. A. and Ralston, J., Surface Modification in the Chalcopyrite-Sulphite System II. Dithiophosphate Collector Adsorption Study, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 50, pp27-45 (1997) 20. Lange, A. G., Skinner, W. M. and Smart, R. St. C., Fine-Coarse Particle Interactions and Aggregation in Sphalerite Flotation, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 7, p681-693 (1997) 21. Thomas, J. E., Jones, C. F., Skinner, W. M. and Smart, R. St. C., The Role of Surface Sulfur Species in the Inhibition of Pyrrhotite Dissolution in Acidic Conditions, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 62, No.9, pp1555-1565 (1998) 22. Hull, J., Skinner, W. M., Robertson, C. and Phelan, P., Elemental Content of Airway Surface Fluid from Infants with Cystic Fibrosis, Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157 10-14 (1998) 23. Morris, G. E., Skinner, W. M., and Smart, R. St. C., Surface Chemistry and Rheological Behaviour of Titania Pigment Dispersions, Colloids and Surfaces A, 155, 27-41 (1999) 24. Smart, R.St.C., Skinner, W.M,. and Gerson, A.R., XPS of Sulfide Mineral Surfaces: Metal-deficient, Polysulfides, Defects and Elemental Sulfur, Surface and Interface Analysis, 28, 101-105 (1999) 25. Thomas, J.E., Smart, R.St.C. and Skinner, W.M., Kinetic factors for oxidative and non-oxidative dissolution of iron sulfides, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 13 Number 10/11, 1149-1159 (2000) 26. Smart, R.St.C., Jasieniak, M., Prince, K.E. and Skinner, W.M., SIMS studies of oxidation mechanisms and polysulfide formation in reacted sulfide surfaces, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 8-9, pp. 557-870, (2000) 27. Shapter, J.G., Skinner, W.M. and Gascoine, K, A Method for Production of Cheap, Reliable Pt-Ir Tips, B.L. Rogers, Review of Scientific Instruments, 71(4) pp. 1702-1705, 2000 28. Shapter, J.G., Brooker, M.H. and Skinner, W.M., Observation of the Oxidation of PbS using Raman Spectroscopy, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 60(3-4), 199-211 (2000) 29. Piantadosi, C., Jasieniak, M., Skinner, W.M. and Smart, R.St.C., Statistical comparison of surface species in flotation concentrates and tails from ToF-SIMS evidence, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 13, pp. 1377-1394, (2000) 30. Parsons, D. and Skinner, W., A novel approach to examining and correlating function, structure & chemical-architecture in airway epithelium, Respirology, 6(1), A42 (2001) 31. Nesbitt, H.W. and Skinner, W.M., Early Development of Al, Ca and Na Compositional Gradients in Labradorite Leached in pH 2 HCl Solutions, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65(5), pp. 715-727, 2001 32. Abbott, J R., Yuen, T., Smart, R. St.C., Henneberg, M., Skinner, W., Leigh, C.M., David, D.J., Functionally Graded Surface Layers on Titanium Implants. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 8, 17-19. (2001) 33. Thomas, J.E., Smart, R.St.C. and Skinner, W.M., A mechanism to explain sudden changes in rates and products for pyrrhotite dissolution in acid solution, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65(1), pp. 1-12 (2001) 34. Coumbaros, J., Kirkbride, P., Klass, G. and Skinner, W.M., Characterisation of 0.22 calibre rimfire gunshot residues by Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOFSIMS), Forensic Science International, 19(1), pp. 72-81, 2001 35. Martin, R. R., Biesinger, M. C. and Skinner, W., Advanced analysis of hair from Kwaday Dan Ts'inchi, Canadian Journal of Analytical Sciences & Spectroscopy. 46(3) pp. 108-110, (2001) 36. Levay G. Smart RS. Skinner WM., The impact of water quality on flotation performance, Journal of the South African Institute of Mining & Metallurgy. 101(2), 69-75 (2001) 37. Kempson, I.M., Skinner, W.M. and Kirkbride, P.K., A Method for the Longitudinal Sectioning of Single Hairs, Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 47, Issue 4, 889-892 (2002) 38. Khmeleva, T.N., Skinner, W., Beattie, D.A., Georgiev, T.V., The effect of sulphite on the xanthate-induced flotation of copper-activated pyrite. Physicochemical Problems of Minerals Processing, 36, 185-195 (2002). 39. Collins, P., Coumbaros, J., Lynch, B., Horsley, G., Kirkbride, K.P., Skinner, W.M. and Klass, G., Glass-containing gunshot residue particles: a new type of highly characteristic particle? Journal of Forensic Sciences, 48, 3, 538-553 (2003) 40. C. Brook, G. Small, A. Michelmore, W. Skinner and S. Grano, Collection and characterization of free gold particles from low-grade copper concentrator streams and methods to improve their recovery, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 42(3), 261-270 (2003) 41. Khmeleva, T.N., Skinner, W., Beattie, D.A., Study of the effect of sulfite ions on the surface chemistry of Cu activated pyrite pre-treated with xanthate by XPS and ToF-SIMS, Minerals Engineering, 16, 601-608 (2003) 42. Martin, R.R., Naftel, S.J., Skinner, W.M., Jones, K.W. and Feng, H., Synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence and metal distribution across a black spruce tree stem, X-ray Spectrometry, 32, 402-407 (2003) 43. Thomas, J.E., Skinner, W.M. and Smart, R.St.C., A comparison of the dissolution behaviour of troilite with iron (II) sulfides; implications of structure, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 67, No. 5, pp. 831–843 (2003) 44. Thomas, J.E., Skinner, W.M. and Smart, R.St.C., A comparison of the dissolution behaviour of troilite with iron (II) sulfides; implications of structure, Experimental Earth (http://www.experimentalearth.com/), Volume 1, Issue 1, April 2003 45. Kempson, I.M., Skinner, W.M., Kirkbride, K.P., Investigations into hair analysis by ToF-SIMS. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 9(2), 1216-1217 (2003) 46. Kempson, I.M., Skinner, W.M., Kirkbride, K.P., Nelson, A., Martin, R., Mass Spectroscopic Analysis of Hair from Archaeological Remains. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 9(2), 650-651 (2003) 47. Kempson, I.M., Skinner, W.M. and Kirkbride, P.K., Calcium distributions in human hair by ToF-SIMS, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects, 1624, Issues 1-3, 1-5 (2003). 48. Kempson IM, Skinner WM, Kirkbride P, Martin RR, Nelson A.J., ToF-SIMS Analysis of Hair from Archaeological Remains, European Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 9, 589 - 597 (2003) 49. Weber, P.A., Stewart, W.A., Skinner, W.M., Weisener, C.G., Thomas, J.E., Smart, R.St.C. Geochemical effects of oxidation products and framboidal pyrite oxidation in acid mine drainage prediction techniques, Applied Geochemistry, 19, 1953-1974 (2004) 50. Martin, R.R., Naftel, S.J., Macfie, S., Skinner, W., Courchesne, F. and Séguin, V., Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Studies of the Distribution of Metals between the Soil, Rhizosphere and Roots of Populus Tremuloides Minchx Growing in Smelter-Impacted Soil, Chemosphere, 54, 1121-1125 (2004) 51. Weber, P.A., Thomas, J.E., Skinner, W.M., Smart, R.St.C., Improved assessment of iron carbonates by titration and theoretical calculation, Applied Geochemistry, 19/5: 687-694 (2004) 52. Skinner, W.M., Nesbitt, H.W. and Pratt, A.R., XPS Identification of Bulk Hole and Itinerant Electronic Defects in Natural Troilite (FeS), Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68/10, 2259-2263 (2004) 53. Martin, R.R., Kempson, I.M., Naftel, S.J. and Skinner, W.M., Preliminary synchrotron analysis of Pb in hair from a lead smelter worker, Chemosphere, 58, 1385–1390 (2005) 54. Kempson, I.M. and Skinner, W.M., ToF-SIMS analysis of elemental distributions in human hair, Science of the Total Environment, 338, 213-227 (2005) 55. Kempson, I.M., Kirkbride, K.P., Skinner, W.M. and Coumbaros, J., Applications of synchrotron radiation in forensic trace evidence analysis, Talanta, 67(2), 286-303 (2005) 56. Khmeleva, T.N., Skinner, W. and Beattie, D.A., Depressing mechanisms of sodium bisulphite in the collectorless flotation of copper-activated sphalerite, International Journal of Mineral Processing, Volume 76, Issues 1-2, 43-53 (2005) 57. Khmeleva, T.N., Georgiev, T.V., Jasieniak, M., Skinner, W.M. and Beattie, D.A., XPS and ToF-SIMS study of a chalcopyrite-pyrite-sphalerite mixture treated with xanthate and sodium bisulphite, Surface and Interface Analysis, 37, 699-709 (2005) 58. Weber, P.A., Thomas, J.E., Skinner, W.M. and Smart, R.St.C., A methodology to determine the acid-neutralization capacity of rock samples, Canadian Mineralogist, Volume 43, Number 4, 1183-1192 (2005) 59. Weber, P.A., Thomas, J.E., Skinner, W.M. and Smart, R.St.C., Calculated acid–base balance for H2O2 oxidation of carbonate-poor pyritic mine-rock, Canadian Mineralogist, Volume 43, Number 4, 1193-1203 (2005) 60. He, S., Fornasiero, D. and Skinner, W., Correlation between copper-activated pyrite flotation and surface species: Effect of pulp oxidation potential, Minerals Engineering, Volume 18, Issue 12, Pages 1208-1213, (2005) 61. Zakaznova-Iakovleva, V.P., Harmer, S.L., Nesbitt, H.W., Bancroft, G.M., Tse, J.S. and Skinner, W., High resolution valence band spectra of silicates, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69 (10): A41 Suppl. S, (2005) 62. Zakaznova-Iakovleva, V.P., Nesbitt, H.W., Bancroft, G.M., Tse, J.S., Gao, X. and Skinner, W., High Resolution Valence Band XPS Spectra of Quartz and Olivine, Physical Review B, Volume 72, Number 20, 205113 (2005) 63. von Oertzen, G.U., Skinner, W.M. and Nesbitt, H.W., Ab initio and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy study of the bulk and surface electronic structure of pyrite (100) with implications for reactivity, Physical Review B, 72, 235427 (2005) 64. Huang, G., Grano, G. and Skinner, W., Galvanic interaction between grinding media and arsenopyrite and its effect on flotation: Part II. Effect of grinding on flotation, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 78(3), 198-213 (2006) 65. Khmeleva, T.N., Chapelet, J.K., Skinner, W.M. and Beattie, D.A., Depression mechanisms of sodium bisulphite in the xanthate-induced flotation of copper activated sphalerite, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 79(1), 61-75 (2006) 66. von Oertzen, G.U., Skinner, W.M. and Nesbitt, H.W., Surface States of Pyrite (100): Ab initio and Spectroscopic Studies, with Implications for Reactivity, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 75(11), 1855-1860 (2006) 67. Goh, S.W., Buckley, A.N., Lamb, R.N., Skinner, W.M., Pring, A., Fan, L-J., Jang, L-Y., Lai, L-J. and Yang, Y-W., Sulfur electronic environments in α-NiS and β-NiS: Examination of the relationship between coordination number and core electron binding energies, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 33, 98-105 (2006) 68. Kempson, I.M., Skinner, W.M. and Kirkbride, K.P., Advanced analysis of metal distributions in human hair, Environmental Science and Technology, 40, 3423-3428 (2006) 69. Kumar, S. and Skinner, W.M., Plasma cleaning of a commercially available hydroxyapatite-coated external fixation pin by the radio frequency glow discharge technique, Journal of ASTM International, 3(3), (2006) 70. Weber, P.A., Skinner, W.M., Hughes, J.B., Lindsay, P. and Moore, T.A., Source of Ni in coal mine acid rock drainage, West Coast, New Zealand, International Journal of Coal Geology, 67(4), 214-220 (2006) 71. He, S., Fornasiero, D. and Skinner, W., Effect of oxidation potential and zinc sulphate on the separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 80(2-4), 169-176 (2006) 72. von Oertzen, G.U., Harmer, S.L. and Skinner, W.M., XPS and ab initio calculation of surface states of sulfide minerals: pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite, Molecular Simulation, 32(15), 1207–1212 (2006) 73. Prestidge, C.A., Barnes, T.J. and Skinner, W.M., ToF-SIMS for the Surface Characterization of Solid State Pharmaceuticals, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 59, 251-259 (2007) 74. Newell, A.J.H., Skinner, W.M. and Bradshaw, D.J., Restoring the floatability of oxidised sulfides using sulfidisation, International Journal of Mineral Processing, Peter King Tribute Issue, 84(1-4), 108-117 (2007) 75. Prestidge, C.A., Barnes, T.J., Mierczynska-Vasilev, Skinner, W.M., Peddie, F., Hian Lau, C. & Barnett, C., Loading and release of a model protein from porous silicon powders, Physica Status Solidi A, 204(10), 3361-3366 (2007) 76. Kempson, I.M., Skinner, W.M. Kirkbride. K.P., The occurance and incorporation of Cu and Zn in hair and their potential role as bio-indicators. A review. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health B, 10(8), 611-622 (2007) 77. von Oertzen, G.U., Skinner, W.M., Nesbitt, H.W., Pratt, A.R. & Buckley, A.N., Cu adsorption on pyrite (100): Ab initio and spectroscopic study, Surface Science, 601, 5794-5799 (2007) 78. Buckley, A.N., Skinner, W.M., Harmer, S.L.,Pring, A., Fan, L-J. and Yang, Y-W., Examination of the proposition that Cu(II) can be required for charge neutrality in a sulfide lattice; Cu in tetrahedrites and sphalerite, Canadian Journal of Chemistry Special Issue, 85, 767-781 (2007) 79. Sung, Y-H, Ciobanu, C.L. Pring, A. Brügger, J., Skinner, W., Cook, N.J., Nugus, M., Tellurides from Sunrise Dam gold deposit, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: a new occurrence of nagyágite, Mineralogy and Petrology, 91, 249-270 (2007) 80. Denman, J.A., Kempson, I.M., Kirkbride, K.P. & Skinner, W.M., Discrimination of pencil markings on paper using elemental analysis, Forensic Science International, 175, 123-129 (2008) 81. Priest, C., Stevens, N., Sedev, R., Skinner, W., Ralston, R., Inferring wettability of heterogeneous surfaces by ToF-SIMS, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 320, 563-568 (2008) 82. Coumbaros, J., Denman, J., Kirkbride, K. P., Walker, G. S. & Skinner, W., An Investigation into the Spatial Elemental Distribution within a Pane of Glass by Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Forensic Science, 53(2), 312-320 (2008) 83. Gräfe, M., Beattie, D.A., Smith, E.R., Skinner, W.M., Singh, B., Copper and arsenate co-sorption at the mineral-water interfaces of goethite and jarosite, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 322(2), 399-413 (2008) 84. Beattie, D.A., Chapelet, J.K., Grafe, M., Skinner, W.M., Smith, E., In situ ATR-FTIR particle film studies of sulphate adsorption in the presence of Cu(II), Environmental Science and Technology, 42 (24), pp 9191–9196 (2008) 85. Harmer, S.L., Skinner, W.M., Buckley, A.N., Fan, L-J., Species formed at cuprite fracture surfaces; observation of O 1s surface core level shift, Surface Science, 603, 537-545 (2009) 86. Qian, G., Pring, A., Brugger, J., Skinner, W.M., Chen, G., Replacement of magnetite by pyrite under hydrothermal conditions, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 101(1), 83pp (2009) 87. Smith, E., Kempson, I., Juhasz, A., Weber, J., Skinner, W.M. and Gräfe, M., Localization and speciation of arsenic and trace elements in rice tissues, Chemosphere, 76(4), 529-535 (2009) 88. Beattie, D.A., Kempson, I.M., Fan, L-J. and Skinner, W.M., Synchrotron XPS studies of collector adsorption and co-adsorption on gold and gold-silver alloy surfaces, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 92(3-4), 162-168 (2009) 89. Donnelley, M., Morgan, K.S., Fouras, A., Skinner, W., Uesugi, K., Yagi, N., Siu, K.K.W. and Parsons, D.W., Real-time non-invasive detection of inhalable particulates delivered into live mouse airways, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Volume 16(4), 553-561 (2009) 90. Buckley, A.N., Skinner, W.M., Harmer, S.L., Pring, A., Fan, L-J., Electronic environment of Cu in carrollite, CuCo2S4, determined by soft X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopy, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73(15), 4452-4467 (2009) 91. Nosrati, A., Addai-Mensah, J., Skinner, W., pH-mediated interfacial chemistry and particle interactions in aqueous muscovite dispersions, Chemical Engineering Journal, 152(2-3), 406-414 (2009) 92. Cook, N.J., Ciobanu, C.L., Pring, A., Skinner, W., Shimizu, M., Danyushevsky, L., Saini-Eidukat, B. & Melcher, F., Trace and minor elements in sphalerite: a LA-ICPMS study, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73(16), 4761-4791 (2009) 93. Sung, Y.H., Brugger, J., Ciobanu, C., Pring, A., Skinner, W., Nugus, M., Invisible gold in arsenian pyrite and arsenopyrite from a multistage Archaean gold deposit: Sunrise Dam, Eastern Goldfields Province, Western Australia, Mineralium Deposita, 44(7), 765-791 (2009). Journal: A, IF = 2.037, Citations: 0. 94. Buckley, A.N., Goh, S.W., Skinner, W.M., Woods, R., Fan, L-J., Interaction of cuprite with dialkyl dithiophosphates, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 93(2), 155-164 (2009) 95. Zanin, M., Ametov, I., Grano, S., Lin, Z. & Skinner, W., A study of mechanisms affecting molybdenite recovery in a bulk copper/molybdenum flotation circuit, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 93(3-4),256-266 (2009) 96. Coumbaros, J., Kirkbride, K. P., Klass, G. & Skinner, W., Application of Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry to the in situ analysis of ballpoint pen Inks on paper, Forensic Science International, 193(1-3), 42-46 (2009) 97. Denman, J.A., Skinner, W.M., Kirkbride, K.P., Kempson, I.M., Organic and inorganic discrimination of ballpoint pen inks by ToF-SIMS and multivariate statistics, Applied Surface Science, 256(7), 2155-2163 (2010) 98. Badalyan, A., Bromball, R., Pendleton, P., Skinner, W., An assessment of activated carbon cloth microporosity change due to chemical activation, Carbon, 48(4), 1004-1011 (2010). 99. Kempson, I.M., Skinner, W.M. and Martin, R.R., Changes in the Metal Content of Human Hair during Diagenesis from 500 Years Exposure to Glacial and Aqueous Environments, Archaeometry, 52(3), 450-466 (2010) 100. Goh, S.W., Buckley, A.N., Skinner, W.M., Fan, L-J., An X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopic investigation of the electronic structure of cubanite, CuFe2S3 , Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 37, 389-405 (2010) 101. Brito E Abreu, S., Brien, C., Skinner, W.M., ToF-SIMS as a new method to determine the contact angle of mineral surfaces, Langmuir, 26(11), 8122-8130 (2010). 102. Donnelley, M., Morgan, K.S., Fouras, A., Skinner, W., Uesugi, K., Yagi, N., Siu, K.K.W. and Parsons, D.W., A new approach to examining individual particle deposition and clearance from live mouse lung airways, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, in press May 2010 103. Qian, G., Brugger, J., Skinner, W.M., Chen, G., Pring, A., Hydrothermal replacement of magnetite by pyrite up to 300oC, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, in press, June 2010 104. Ye, X., Gredelj, S., Skinner, W., Grano, S., Evidence for Surface Cleaning of Sulphide Minerals by Attritioning in Stirred Mills, Minerals Engineering, in press, June 2010 Refereed Conference Papers 105. Weber, P.A., Skinner, W.M., Smart, R.St.C., Thomas, J.E., 2002. Influence and management of iron carbonates and framboidal pyrite during ANC titration tests. Proceedings of the Minerals Council of Australia Sustainable Development Conference, Newcastle 10-15 November, 2002, pp. 268-283. 106. Georgiev, T.V., Skinner, W.M. and Grano, S.R., Size dependent characterization of gravity recoverable gold from the rougher flotation at Ok Tedi Mining Limited, 10th Balkan Mineral Processing Congress, Varna, Bulgaria, 15th – 19th June 2003, 337-342 107. Grano, S. R., Wong, P. L. M., Skinner, W. M., Johnson, N. W. and Ralston, J., The Effect of Autogenous and Ball Mill Grinding on the Chemical Environment and Flotation of the Copper Ore of Mount Isa Mines, Australia, III Latin American Congress on Froth Flotation, Concepcion, Chile, November 1994, pp 351-388 108. Ward, L. P., Strafford, K. N., Skinner, W. M., Horr, T., Subramanian, C., Smoker, K. and Heng, G., Structure of Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtered TiN and TiAlN Coatings on 316 Stainless Steel and their Corrosion Behaviour in Acidic and Saline Environments, Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, 8-12 August 1995, Dublin, Ireland, pp 1250-1260 109. Coumbaros, I, Kirkbride, K, Klass, G & Skinner, W, New Frontiers for Mass Spectrometry in Forensic Science: Applications of time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, 7th Indonesian-Pacific Congress on Legal Medicine and Forensic Science, p 81-92 (2001). 110. Stewart, W, Miller, S D, Smart, R, Gerson, A, Skinner, W, Thomas, J, Levay, G & Schumann, R, (2003), 'Evaluation of the net acid generation (NAG) test for assessing the acid generating capacity of sulfide minerals', Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD) 'Application and Sustainability of Technologies', 617-625, Cairns, (T Farrell, G Taylor Eds.), 2003 111. Smart, R. St.C., Weber, P., Thomas, J. E., Skinner, W. M., Stewart, W. and Miller, S., Improvements in acid rock drainage testing for short- and long-term neutralisation kinetics, Conference of Metallurgists, COM 2004, Hamilton, Ontario Canada, August 22nd-25th 2004 112. Kempson, I.M., Denman, J.A., Skinner, W.M. and Kirkbride, K.P., Applications of synchrotron X-ray sources for forensic characterization of glass, Australian Institute of Physics National Congress, AIP, Colla, M. (ed.), Jan 31st-Feb 4th Canberra, Australia 2005. 113. I.M. Kempson, J.A. Denman, W.M. Skinner, K.P. Kirkbride Applications of Synchrotron X-Ray Sources for Forensic Characterisation of Glass Australian Institute of Physics congress proceedings, Canberra 2005. 114. Thomas, J.E., Weber, P.A., Smart, R.St.C., Skinner, W., Schumann, R., Observations of Silicates in Both Retarding and Accelerating the Oxidation of Pyritic Sulfide in the Soil Environment, 2008 Joint Meeting of The Geological Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, Houston, Texas, 5th-9th October 2008. 115. Nosrati, A., Addai-Mensah, J., Skinner, W., Interfacial chemistry and particle interactions in clay mineral dispersions, 36th Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (CHEMECA), Newcastle NSW, 28 September- 1 October, 2008 116. Nosrati, A., Addai-Mensah, J., Skinner, W., The role of pulp chemistry and particle interaction forces in aqueous muscovite dispersions, 37th Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (CHEMECA), Perth WA, 27-30 September, 2009 117. Nosrati, A., Addai-Mensah, J., Skinner, W., Viscoelastic properties of aging concentrated muscovite clay mineral suspensions, 37th Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (CHEMECA), Perth WA, 27-30 September, 2009 118. Dermis, T., Addai-Mensah, J., Skinner, W., Kinetic behaviour of an aluminosilicate clay mineral during isothermal leaching, 37th Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (CHEMECA), Perth WA, 27-30 September, 2009 119. Dermis, T., Addai-Mensah, J., Skinner, W., A mineralogical, structural and surface chemical investigation of muscovite in aqueous media, 37th Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (CHEMECA), Perth WA, 27-30 September, 2009 120. Tan, H, Addai-Mensah, J., Skinner, W., Leaching and rheological behaviour of chlorite with fluorite in sulphuric acid, 37th Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (CHEMECA), Perth WA, 27-30 September, 2009 121. Tan, H, Addai-Mensah, J., Skinner, W., Interfacial chemistry-mediated behaviour of aqueous chlorite dispersions, 37th Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (CHEMECA), Perth WA, 27-30 September, 2009 122. Harrington, W., Addai-Mensah, J., Skinner, W., Investigation of the structural and interfacial chemistry of pigmentary TiO2 particles, 37th Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (CHEMECA), Perth WA, 27-30 September, 2009 123. Harrington, W., Addai-Mensah, J., Skinner, W., Polymeric dispersant properties and control of colloidal TiO2 particle interactions, 37th Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (CHEMECA), Perth WA, 27-30 September, 2009 124. Ye, X., Gredelj, S., Skinner, W., Grano, S., Evidence for Surface Cleaning of Sulphide Minerals by Attritioning in Stirred Mills, Flotation ’09, Cape Town, RSA, 9-12 November, 2009 125. Zhou, L., Fornasiero, D., Ametov, I., and Skinner, W., (2009). ”Effect of self-aggregation on collectorless fine molybdenite flotation”. Chemeca Conference 27 – 30 September, 2009, Perth.