Jump to Content

Professor Paul Swatman
Position: Professor Professor Paul Swatman
Division/Portfolio: Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment
School/Unit: School of Computer and Information Science
Campus: City West Campus
Office: 27-29 North Tce
Telephone: +61 8 830 29185
Fax: +61 8 830 29190
Email: paul_dot_swatman_at_unisa_dot_edu_dot_au
URL for Business Card: http://people.unisa.edu.au/paul.swatman

Professor Paul Swatman - Resume

My career as a researcher began at the School of Computing at Curtin University in Western Australia where, building on my earlier experience as a professional systems analyst, I worked on the development of a requirements engineering methodology which to bridge the gap between socio-oganisational approaches – the subject of much interest within the IS community – and formal method which were similarly of interest to mathematical requirements engineers.   This programme of research – the FOOM project – has been a constant companion, though I never imagined that it would metamorphose into its current form:  a study of, on the one hand, creativity in requirements engineering and, on the other, requirements engineering for small creative groups.

 

Though FOOM continues, at least in a way, requirements engineering is no longer my only research concern – periods of collaboration with my wife Paula (an eBusiness specialist) and colleagues and students at the various Universities in Australia, Europe and the US where I have worked as a permanent or visiting member of the Faculty have led to the establishment of two other major research programmes in Social Informatics:  the use of ICT to support economic sustainability in geographically disadvantaged regions; and the Price of Convenience – studying user attitudes and behaviour and their impact on the diffusion of socially pervasive ICT innovation.

 

As an administrator, two years as Head of the School of MIS at Deakin University gave me significant insight into the realities of the modern University – insights which have been invaluable.

 

As a teacher, three years as Professor and Dean of Information Systems, working with a group of MBA specialists to establish an experimental public/private Graduate School of Management in Stuttgart, Germany, had a substantial impact on the way I work with graduate classes.

 

It is a pleasure to return from overseas to be at the University of South Australia – and to be a part of School of Computing and Information Science as it develops a full range of educational and research programmes ranging from business focussed Information Systems to Software Engineering and Computer Science.

Professional associations

Foundation Member of the Association of Information Systems

Member Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers

Member IEEE Computer Society

Member Association for Computing Machinery

Fellow Australian Computer Society

Qualifications

PhD - "Increasing Formality in the Specification of High Quality Information Systems in a Commercial Context". Curtin University of Technology, 1992

PGDipCompSc - with Distinction. Curtin University of Technology, 1989

BAppSc (Multi-Disciplinary Science) - with Distinction - Majors in Computing Science and Information Systems. Curtin University of Technology, 1988

Research interests

  • My research has focussed primari

    My research has focussed primarily on systems analysis/software engineering from two perspectives::

    • I have studied how systems analysts/requirements engineers understand and model the problem domain. This is work in the area of requirements engineering methodology:
      • My research team and I designed an information systems requirements engineering method (FOOM) which is widely applicable within the conventional information systems domain and which draws upon a number of established areas of research, including:
        • socio-organisational contextual analysis following the seminal work of Checkland which, in the general case, denies the existence of a single, objective requirements specification waiting to be discovered by the systems analyst
        • the object oriented approach in which situations are modelled as systems of interacting, encapsulated objects, each object belonging to some class
        • mathematically formal specification languages in particular, the object oriented specification language Object-Z, by means of which the abstract characteristics of classes may be described precisely and unambiguously.
      • Following a project in which we mapped the conceptualisation, modelling and decision making process which is requirements engineering, we were able to identify that the process is not simply the evolutionary development of understanding (as it is conventionally described), but that evolutionary periods are punctuated by revolutionary incidents following creative “insight”. This understanding has led to the establishment of a range of studies of the RE process from perspectives including: teaching and learning, creativity and process management and control.
    • I have applied the lessons learnt from my methodological studies in the field – studies have focussed on the eCommerce domain and, within that domain, on change within organisations, organisational networks (virtual organisations), and communities resulting from and enabled by telecommunications-based systems. Of course, the insights gained from this strand of research feed the first, more abstract, strand of research.
      • The practical evaluation of FOOM was undertaken, to a significant degree, through understanding and specifying inter-organisational information systems (IOS) and those intra-organisational systems which arise as a consequence of the mature adoption of telecommunications-based IOSs.
      • The development of sustainable economic benefit for disadvantaged geographic areas through telecommunications based systems is being studied. Two projects are currently underway, one focusing on Remote, Rural and Regional (R3) Australia and the other on the European Union Accession Countries.
      • Socio-technical studies of the “Price of Convenience”. One project, currently underway, seeks to understand the impact of loss of privacy associated with location-based information systems; a second studies user acceptance of and policy development in respect of an ePassport within the European Union and a third, for which funding is currently being sought, will focus on the socio-economic issues surrounding the use of a biometrically secured “smart” identification card to support workforce mobility within secure areas of airports.

    Current Research Programmes:

     

  • The Price of Convenience Programme

    The Price of Convenience Programme

    Text Box: The ultimate aim of the PoC Programe [7, 9, 15-17, 19-21] is to develop a statistically reliable process for ICT innovation evaluation and diffusion.  The conceptual framework underlying this project is illustrated in the figure.  The unit of analysis is the potential/actual innovation adopter and the fundamental assumption is that, probabilistically, a (potential) user’s adoption/usage decisions (adoption/usage behaviour) can be predicted from the user’s “attitude” to the innovation.  User attitude is contextually-based and is dynamic.  Substantial work within this programme has already been undertaken relating to (i) acceptability of biometrically-secured ID cards in Europe and (ii) adoption of mCommerce and, more generally, nomadic ICT products and services.  This research has focused, so far, on the triad of criteria: convenience, privacy loss, societal security exposure – and there is a significant tension here.  Our fundamental theoretic work has addressed:  dynamics of opinion formation [7, 19]; comparative analysis of our approach vis a vis, eg, Diffusion of Innovation (Rogers), TAM (Davies) and others [17]; Cultural Context (after Hofstede); “community” as the context in which opinion is formed [15]; Behavioural Archetypes (after Weber) [20].  Our empirical work, which, so far, represents preliminary testing of our framework, has been based on a grounded theoretic approach to media content analysis and has included a cross-cultural exploration and a historical review of Internet adoption (which we believe may form a useful surrogate for nomadic/mCommerce innovation adoption) [19].  Potential projects within the scope of this research programme include, but are by no means limited to:

    ·         Empirical study of attitude/behaviour dynamics focusing on:

    o        a number of specific ICT innovations, and analysing the strengths and weaknesses of the PoC framework vis à vis, for example, TAM

    o       cross-cultural issues

    ·         Extending the focal decision criteria beyond the current triad (Privacy, Security, Convenience)

    ·         Extending the applicability of the PoC approach from “society at large” to the professional and organisational domain

    ·         Evaluating the “contamination” of an individual’s attitude between professional and personal use of an ICT innovation

    ·         Distinguishing between building “social acceptability/acceptance” of pervasive ICT innovations (eg biometrically secured passports) and “adoption attitude/behaviour” in relation to mCommerce products and services

     

  • The Requirements Engineering/Systems Analysis Creativity Programme

    The Requirements Engineering/Systems Analysis Creativity Programme

    Text Box: The ultimate aim of the RE Creativity Programme [2-5, 7, 11, 22-25, 27-30, 32, 37, 40-42] is the effective management of the RE process in organisations.  In conventional wisdom, the “ideal” Requirements Engineering/Systems Analysis process is conceptualised as smooth, systematic and incrementally evolutionary.  Our empirical research has, however, strongly suggested that, in practice, such a process is neither natural nor, in fact, desirable.  The natural process appears to be one of “learning” and appears to be composed of periods of evolutionary learning separated by instances of radical reinterpretation and reorganisation of learning triggered by sudden insight – see the figure, right.  Potential projects (involving both theoretic and empirical work) within the scope of this programme might extend confidence in the generality of our results and/or provide some scaling for these results – for example, while we hypothesise that too many “insight-driven reconceptualisations” (IDRs) indicates a lack of persistence; and too few IDRs indicate a lack of flexibility, we do not know how to measure “too many/too few”.  If we do not know how to identify when an IDR is overdue, nor (except semantically) when an IDR is spurious, we cannot reliably enhance a Project Manager’s ability to evaluate/control progress.  Additional potential projects might include, but not be limited to:

    • Comparative work (in the context of this general process framework) in the modelling of the requirements engineering/systems analysis process across:
      • Different underlying problem situations:  technical, business, or socially pervasive
      • Differing access to the users:  in an organisational setting (identifiable, coercible user base) vis à vis in an open setting – imagine the RE?SA associated with the initial development of the Amazon web site (unknown users, users only by “free choice”, “social construction” of the innovation)
      • Differing classes of underlying problem:  machine control/replacement, operational, tactical or strategic support systems…
      • Differing modelling techniques:  eg OO, process-oriented, data-oriented, Human Activity System…
    • Requirements Engineering/Systems analysis for the support of creative work:
      • Small groups or individuals
      • Co-located or geographically dispersed, networked individuals or groups
      • Business, scientific, or military contexts

     

  • The ICT for Sustainable Communities Programme

    The ICT for Sustainable Communities Programme

    This research programme is concerned with the problems faced by geographically disadvantaged communities.  The focus of one part of our work, so far, has been to draw upon theory arising from IS/IT Strategy and Planning then extend its focus from ‘the organisation’ both to virtual organisations and particularly to Rural, Regional and Remote (R3)  communities [13, 26. 31, 34, 36, 39, 43].  Another strand of work, under this programme, has focused on IT&T support for the management of social and health service provision [1, 6, 14, 38]. 

    The theme running through this work is that of initiating and effectively managing ICT enabled change in situations in which there is an influence network but no formal authority structure. 

    Potential projects under this programme are manifold – but they might, perhaps, focus on:

    • Communities associated with delivery categories of service:  health, social services, education, etc.  Both community-specific and comparative work would be appropriate
    • Using ICT to expand the community to form critical mass – e.g. expanding the geographic boundaries within which individuals and organisations might consider themselves to be members of the community
    • Extending the focus of study from the R3 context to, eg, the suburban
    • Extending the context of study beyond R3 Australia.  To date, the only preliminary work, in this sense, which has been undertaken is in the context of the recent expansion of the European Union (and this work might be extended).  Extensions to other geographic regions are, of course, entirely open.

     

     

Research publications

Professor Paul Swatman—Publications

Books and Book Chapters:

  1. Nguyen L. and P.A. Swatman (2006) Promoting and Supporting Requirements Engineering Creativity, in Dutoit A.H, R. McCall, I. Mistrik, and B. Paech (Eds), Rationale Management in Software Engineering, Springer-Verlag, Germany, ISBN 3-540-30997-7.
  2. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A (2005) (Eds) Proceedings of the CollECTeR Conference on Electronic Commerce CollECTeR 2005 Sydney, 13 July.
  3. Castleman T., Swatman P.A. and Fowler D.C. (2005) Aligning Multiple Knowledge Frameworks in a Health Services System:A Case Study in N. Wickramasinghe, J.N.D. Gupta and S.K. Sharma (Eds.) Creating Knowledge Based Health Care Organisations, Idea Group, Hershey, ISBN 159140460-6, 207-221.
  4. Matthews C. and Swatman P.A. (2003) Fuzzy Concepts and Formal Methods in Jonathan.Lee (Ed.) Software Engineering with Computational Intelligence (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing Vol 121), Springer Verlag, ISBN 3-540-00472-6, 9-50.
  5. Matthews C. and Swatman P.A. (2000) Fuzzy Concepts and Formal Methods: A Fuzzy Logic Toolkit for Z, in J.P. Bowen, S.E. Dunne, A. Galloway and S. King (Eds.) ZB2000: Formal Specification and Develpment in Z and B, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, ISBN 3-540-67944-8, 491-510. Note: Republished from Proceedings of First International Confoerence of B and Z Users - ZB2000, York, August/September.
  6. Dawson LL & Swatman PA (1999) "The Role of Object-Oriented Modelling Methods in Requirements Engineering", in A. T. Wood-Harper, N. Jayaratna and J. R. G. Wood (Eds.) Methodologies for Developing and Managing Emerging Technology Based Information Systems, Springer-Verlag, London, ISBN 1-85233-079-1, 353-368. Note: Republished from Proceedings of BCS-ISM Conference - 6th Annual Conference on Methodologies, Salford, England, 3-5 September.
  7. Fowler D.C. & Swatman P.A. (1999) "Evaluierung von Methoden des Requirement Engineerings innerhalb ihres Anwendungskontextes" in Häntschel, I.; Heinrich, L.J.(Hrsg.): Handbuch Evaluation und Evaluationsforschung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik. Handbuch für Praxis, Lehre und Forschung. Oldenbourg, München/Wien, Autumn 1999.
  8. Swatman P.M.C., Swatman P.A. & Cooper J. (Eds) (1997) Proceedings of 1st Pacific Asia Workshop on Electronic Commerce (Queensland University of Technology, 5 April), Centre for Information Systems Research, Swinburne University, ISBN 0-855-90115-2.
  9. Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (Eds) (1997) Proceedings of CollECTeR'97 (Workshop on Electronic Commerce (University of South Australia, 3 October), Centre for Information Systems Research, Swinburne University, ISBN 0-855-90117-9.
  10. Fowler D.C. & Swatman P.A. (1997) "Presenting Object Oriented Formal Requirements Specifications: Insights From An Action Research Study" in G O'Regan and S Flynn (Eds.) 1st Irish Formal Methods Workshop, Springer Verlag Electronic Workshops in Computing, ISBN: 3-540-76196-9. Note: Republished from Proceedings of 1st Irish Workshop on Formal Methods, Dublin, Ireland, 3B4th July.
  11. Swatman P.A. (1996) "Formal Object-Oriented Method--FOOM", In Kilov H. and Harvey W. (Eds.), Specification of Behavioural Semantics in Object-Oriented Information Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, Massachusetts, ISBN 0-7923-9778-9, 297-310.
  12. Shanks G. & Swatman P.A. (Eds) (1996) Proceedings of 1st Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering (Monash University, 23 September), Centre for Information Systems Research, Swinburne University, ISBN 0-85590-106-3.
  13. Swatman P.A. (1993) "Using Formal Methods in the Acquisition of Information Systems: Educating Information Systems Professionals", in J.E. Nicholls (Ed.) Z User Workshop, London 1992, Springer Verlag, London. Note: Republished from Proc 7th Annual Z User Meeting, London, England, December 1992.
  14. Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (1992) "Are Information Systems Professionals Wrong to Ignore Formal Software Development Methods?", In R.A. Clarke and J. Cameron (Eds), Managing Information Technology's Organisational Impact Vol. II, Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam, 173-194. Note: Republished from Proc Conf "SOST '91" - the 2nd Shaping Organisations, Shaping Technology Conference, Adelaide, October, 1991.
  15. Swatman P.A., Fowler D.C. and Gan M.C.Y. (1992) "Extending the Useful Application Domain for Formal Methods", in J.E. Nicholls (Ed.) Z User Workshop, York 1991, Springer Verlag, London, 125-144. Note: Republished from Proc 6th Annual Z User Meeting, York, England, December 1991.
  16. Swatman P.A. (1992) Increasing Formality in the Specification of High-Quality Information Systems, PhD Thesis, Curtin University of Technology.
  17. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1991) "Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and its Implications for Industry", In R.A. Clarke and J. Cameron (Eds.), Managing Information Technology's Organisational Impact, Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam, 105-115. Note: Republished from Proc Conf "SOST '89" - Shaping Organisations, Shaping Technology, Terrigal, N.S.W., May, 1989.
  18. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1991) "Electronic Data Interchange: Organisational Opportunity - Not Technical Problem", In B. Srinivasan and J. Zeleznikow (Eds.), Databases in the 1990's: 2, World Scientific Press, Singapore, 354-374. Note: Republished from Proc Conf "DBIS '91" - 2nd Australian Conference on Databases and Information Systems, University of New South Wales, Sydney, February, 1991.
  19. Swatman P.A. (1988) The Development of Business Information Systems, Curtin University Publication.

Refereed Journal Articles:

  1. Wilde, W.D. and Swatman, P.A. (2006)Federal Government Policy and Community Objectives in Regional Telecommunications: A SISP-based Study of Ballarat, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, Vol 1, No 1, April, 16-31.
  2. Hoffmann O., D Cropley, A. Croply, L. Nguyen and P.A. Swatman (2005) Creativity, Requirements and World Views, Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 13, No 1, September, 159-175.
  3. Fowler D.C., Swatman P.A. and Castleman T.C. (2004) “The Proposed Introduction of Smart Card Technology into the Government Health Sector in Victoria, Australia”, Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, Vol. 2, No. 2, Oct-Dec, 89-100.
  4. Nguyen L. and Swatman P.A. (2003) "Managing the Requirements Engineering Process", Requirements Engineering Journal, Vol. 8, 55-68.
  5. Ng-Kruelle G., Swatman P.A., Rebne D.S. and Hampe F. (2002) “Innovation Uptake through the Metaphorical Lens of the Price of Convenience”, Journal of Doing Business Across Borders, Vol 1, No 2, Spring, 101-112.
  6. Ng-Kruelle G., Swatman P.A., Rebne D.S. and Hampe F. (2002) “The Price of Convenience:Privacy and Mobile Commerce”, Quarterly Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol. 3, No. 3.
  7. Carroll, J. M. and Swatman, P. A (2000) “Structured-case: a methodological framework for building theory in information systems research”, European Journal of Information Systems Vol 9; Part 4, 235-342.Note:Republished from Proc. European Conference on Information Systems, Vienna, Austria, July 3-5.
  8. Nguyen L., Swatman P.A. and Shanks G. (1999) "Using Design Explanation within Formal Object Oriented Method", Requirements Engineering Journal, Vol. 4, No 2.
  9. Wilde, W.D. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) "A Preliminary Theory of Telecommunications Enhanced Communities", Telecommunication Journal of Australia, Vol. 40, No. 2, 61-72, ISSN 0040 2486. Note: Republised with minor modifications from Proc.12th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Bled, Slovenia, June.
  10. Wilde W.D. and Swatman P.A. (1997) "Towards Virtual Communities in Rural Australia", International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol 2, No 1, Fall, 43-60.
  11. Ratnasingham P. and Swatman P.A. (1997) "EDI Security: a Model of EDI Risks and Associated Controls", Information Management and Computer Security, Vol 5, no 2, 63-71, ISSN 0968-5227.
  12. Tan C.H. and Swatman P.A. (1996) "Computerised Support for Requirements modelling in FOOM", Australian Journal of Information Systems, April, 66-75. Note: Republished with minor modifications from Proc. Conf. "ACIS'95" - 6th Australasian Conference on Information Systems,Perth, Western Australia, September 27-30.
  13. Wafula E.N. and Swatman P.A. (1996) "FOOM: A Diagrammatic Illustration of Object-Z Specifications", Object-Oriented Systems, Vol 3, No 4, December, 215-242.
  14. Fowler D.C., Swatman P.A. and Wafula E.N. (1995) "Formal Methods in the I.S. Domain: Introducing a Notation for Presenting Object-Z Specifications", Object-Oriented Systems, Vol. 2, No. 2, June, 99-127.
  15. Galliers R.D., Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1995) "Strategic Information Systems Planning: Deriving Comparative Advantage from EDI", Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 10, September, 149-157.
  16. Swatman P.M.C., Swatman P.A. and Fowler D.C. (1994) "A Model of EDI Integration and Strategic Business Reengineering", The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol. 3, No. 1, March, 41-60.
  17. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1994) "Les Standards ne sont pas (Nécessairement) des Standards: une Approche Technique et Managériale de l'EDI en Australie" (or "Standards are Not (Necessarily) Standard: a Technical and Managerial Approach to EDI Standards in Australia"), Technologies de l'Information et Société, Vol. 6, No. 2, 147-167.
  18. Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (1992) "Formal Specification: an Analytic Tool for (Management) Information Systems", Journal of Information Systems, Vol. 2, No. 2, April.
  19. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1992) "EDI System Integration: A Definition and Literature Survey", The Information Society, Vol. 8, No. 3, Summer, 169-205.
  20. Swatman P.A., Swatman P.M.C. and Everett J.E. (1990) "Stages of Growth of an Innovative Software House: an Additional Criterion for Software Package Selection", Australian Computer Journal, August, 88-98.

··This paper was the winner of the ANCCAC prize for 1990

Refereed Conference Papers:

  1. Blackburn T., Swatman P.A. and Vernik R. (2006) Cognitive Dust: Linking CSCW Theories to Creative Design Processes, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on CSCW in Design - CSCWD 2006, Nanjing, P.R. China, May 3-5.
  2. Shumarova E. & Swatman P.A (2006) The New Economy, eValue and the Impact on User Acceptance of Pervasive ICT, Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Bled, Slovenia, June 5-7.
  3. Shumarova E. & Swatman P.A (2006) User Adoption of Socially-Pervasive ICT Innovations: Some Open Issues Proceedings of CollECTeR Europe 2006, Basel, Switzerland, June 9-10.
  4. Ng-Kruelle G., Swatman P.A., Hampe J.F. and Rebne D. (2006) Social Adoption Innovation System: An Alternative Conceptual Model For Visualising DOI Proceedings of CollECTeR Europe 2006, Basel, Switzerland, June 9-10.
  5. Wilde W.D. & Swatman P.A. (2006) Federal Government Policy and Community Objectives in Regional Telecommunications: A SISP-Based Study of Tasmania, Proceedings of CollECTeR Europe 2006, Basel, Switzerland, June 9-10.
  6. Raisey D., Tan K., Swatman P.A., Blackburn T. & Nguyen V. (2006) An Empirical Study of the Evolving Dynamics of Creative Teams in Action, London, June 29 – July 1
  7. Blackburn T., Nguyen V., Swatman P.A. & Vernik R. (2006) Supporting “Any Time or Place” Creative Processes and Initial Results from Two Empirical Studies, London, June 29 – July 1
  8. Shumarova E. & Swatman P.A. (2006) The Dynamics of Innovation in Networks - Innovating Sustainably with IT: A System Dynamics Perspective on IT Innovation Diffusion Proceedings of The 24th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, Nijmegen, July 23-27.
  9. Wilde W.D. and P.A. Swatman (2005) Gauging Alignment Between Federal Government Policy and Community Objectives in Regional Telecommunications: A SISP-based Study of Ballarat Proceedings of CollECTeR Lat Am 2005, Santiago, Chile, October.
  10. Swatman P.A., T. Blackburn, V. Nguyen, D Raisey and R Vernik (2005) Supporting Creative Teams through ICT, Proceedings of the Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering, Melbourne, November.
  11. Wilde WDW and Swatman P.A (2005)Using ICT to Support Economically Sustainable Regions: A Study of Shepparton in the Context of Networking the Nation Proceedings of the CollECTeR Conference on Electronic Commerce CollECTeR 2005, Sydney, 13 July.
  12. Wilde WDW and Swatman P.A (2005) Gauging Alignment Between Federal Government Policy and Community Objectives in Regional Telecommunications: A SISP-based Study of Shepparton Proceedings of e-Society, 2005, Malta, 27-30 June.
  13. Ng-Kruelle, G., Swatman P.A., Rebne D.S. and Hampe F. (2005) Biometrics and E-Identity (E-Passport) in the European Union: Overcoming PoC-Cultural Diversity for Common Cause?Proceedings of e-Society, 2005, Malta, 27-30 June.
  14. Ng-Kruelle, G., Swatman P.A., Rebne D.S. and Hampe F. (2005) Biometrics and e-Identity (e-Passport) in the European Union: End-user Perspectives on the Adoption of a Controversial Innovation  Proceedings of the CollECTeR Conference on Electronic Commerce CollECTeR (Europe) 2004, Furtwangen, Germany, 12-13 June.
  15. Ng-Kruelle, G., Swatman P.A., Rebne D.S. and Hampe F. (2005) A Multi-perspective Framework for System Design: Measuring Price of Convenience Dynamism in End-User Encounters with Innovation  Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Bled, Slovenia, June.
  16. Ng-Kruelle, G., Swatman P.A., Rebne D.S. and Hampe F. (2004) End-user perspectives on the Adoption of Wireless Applications:  Price of Convenience and a Model for Contextual Analysis Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Hobart, December.
  17. Wilde WDW, Swatman P.A and Cavill M. (2004) A SISP Approach to the Alignment of Federal Government Rural Telecommunication Policy and Community Goals: A King Island Case Study Proceedings of the CollECTeR Conference on Electronic Commerce CollECTeR 2004, Adelaide, 7-8 May.
  18. Swatman P.A., Castleman T. and Fowler D.C. (2003) Issues in Developing eHealth Systems:An Australian Case StudyProceedings of the CollECTeR Conference on Electronic Commerce CollECTeR (Europe) 2003, Galway, Ireland, 24 June.
  19. Rebne D.S. Ng-Kruelle, G., Swatman P.A. and Hampe F. (2003) Conceptualising “Community” in Support of Institutional Debate on Privacy immobile ServicesProceedings of the CollECTeR Conference on Electronic Commerce CollECTeR (Europe) 2003, Galway, Ireland, 24 June.
  20. Ng-Kruelle, G., Swatman P.A., Rebne D.S. and Hampe F. (2003) The Price of Convenience: Developing a framework for analysing privacy sensitivity in the adoption of wireless applications Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Bled, Slovenia, June.
  21. Ng-Kruelle, G., Rebne D.S., Swatman P.A and Hampe F. (2003) Interfaces in adoption of an Evolving Innovation:An Activity-Theoretical Perspective and the Price of Convenience Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Information Systems “ECIS2003”, Naples, Italy, June.
  22. Botterweck G. and Swatman P.A. (2002) Towards a Contingency Based Approach to Web Engineering Proceedings of the 7th Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering, Melbourne, Australia, December 2-3
  23. Ng-Kruelle, G., Swatman P.A., Rebne D.S. and Hampe F. (2002) The Price of Convenience: Dynamics of Adoption Attitudes and Privacy Sensitivity over Time Proceedings of the 7th Annual CollECTeR Conference on Electronic Commerce “CollECTeR 2002”, Melbourne, Australia, December 1-2.
  24. Rebne D.S. Ng-Kruelle, G., Swatman P.A. and Hampe F. (2002) Weberian Socioeconomic Behavioral Analysis and Price-of-Convenience Sensitivity: Implications for M-Commerce and Location-based ApplicationsProceedings of the CollECTeR Conference on Electronic Commerce CollECTeR (Europe) 2002, Toulouse, France, 20 April.
  25. Ng-Kruelle, G., Swatman P.A., Rebne D.S. and Hampe F. (2002) The Price of Convenience:Privacy and Mobile Commerce Proceedings of 3rd World Congress on the Management of Electronic Commerce, Hamilton, Ontario, January 16-18.
  26. Crofts, M and Swatman, P.A. (2002) Investigating Information Systems Analysts’ Possession of Tacit Organisational Knowledge, Proceedings of 35th Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences – HICSS 2001, Big Island, Hawaii, January 7-10.
  27. Crofts, M and Swatman, P.A. (2001) Information Systems Outsourcing:Do In-House Systems Analysts Hold Irreplaceable Knowledge? Proceedings of 11th Annual Business Information Technology Conference – BIT2001, Manchester, England, 30&31 October.
  28. Crofts, M and Swatman, P.A. (2001) The Role of Tacit Organisational Knowledge in IT-enabled Organisational Change, Proceedings of European CSCW Workshop on Managing Tacit Knowledge, Bonn, Germany, September 16.
  29. Nguyen, L. and Swatman, P.A. (2001) Managing the Requirements Engineering Process, Proceedings of Proc.7th International Workshop on Requirements Engineering: Foundations of Software Quality - REFSQ’2001, Interlaken, Switzerland, June.
  30. Wilde W.D. & Swatman P.A. (2000) Studying Telecommunications Enhanced Communities: An Economic Lens, Proceedings of 5th CollECTeR conference on eCommerce - CollECTeR@ICIS 2000, Brisbane, December.
  31. Matthews C. and Swatman P.A. (2000) Fuzzy Concepts and Formal Methods: Some Illustrative Examples, Proceedings of the Asia Pacific Software Engineering Conference - APSEC 2000, Singapore, December.
  32. Matthews C. and Swatman P.A. (2000) Fuzzy Concepts and Formal Methods: A Fuzzy Logic Toolkit for Z, Proceedings of First International Conference of B and Z Users - ZB2000, York, August.
  33. Nguyen, L. and Swatman, P.A. (2000) Complementary Use ad hoc and post hoc Design Rationale for Creating and Organising Process Knowledge, HICSS'2000, Maui, Hawaii, January.
  34. Nguyen, L., Carroll, J.M. and Swatman, P.A. (2000) Supporting and Monitoring the Creativity of IS Personnel During Requirements Engineering Process, HICSS'2000, Maui, Hawaii, January.
  35. Fowler, D.C., Parker, C.M., Swatman, P.M.C. and Swatman, P.A. (2000) An Electronic Document Exchange Platform as a Mechanism for Supply Chain Management: an Australian Case Study, Proc. Conf. Global Information Technology Management GITM’2000, Memphis Tennesee, June.
  36. Nguyen, L. and Swatman, P.A. (2000) Essential and Incidental Complexity in Requirements Models, Proc. Conf. ICRE'2000, Schaumburg, Illinois, USA, June 19-23.
  37. Carroll, J.M. and Swatman, P.A. (2000) Structured-case: A methodological framework for building theory in information systems research, Proc. Conf. European Conference on Information Systems, Vienna, Austria, July 3-5.
  38. Castleman T., Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (2000) The Role of Government in Internet Commerce: Views from the Fields, Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Bled, Slovenia, June.
  39. Hampe J.F., Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (2000) Mobile Electronic Commerce: Reintermediation in the Payment System, Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Bled, Slovenia, June.
  40. Wilde, D., Swatman, P.A. and Castleman, T. (2000) Investigation the Impact of IT&T on Rural, Regional and Remote Australia , Proceedings of the Fourth CollECTeR Conference on Electronic Commerce, Breckenridge, Colorado, U.S.A.
  41. Carroll, J.M. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) Managing the RE Process: Lessons from Commercial Practice, Proc.5th International Workshop on Requirements Engineering: Foundations of Software Quality REFSQ'99, Heidelberg, Germany, June 14 B 15.
  42. Castleman, T., Swatman, P.A. and Parker, C.M. (1999) "Issues in the Implementation of Electronic Commerce in the Human Services: Reflections on the Victorian Initiatives", Proc.12th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Bled, Slovenia, June.
  43. Wilde, W.D. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) "A Preliminary Theory of Telecommunications Enhanced Communities", Proc.12th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Bled, Slovenia, June.
  44. Fowler, D.C., Henderson-Sellers, B. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) A Requirements Engineering Process for OPEN Development, ACIS'1999, to appear.
  45. Dawson L.L. and Swatman P.A. (1999) "The use of Object-Oriented Models in Requirements Engineering: A Field Study", Proc ICIS 1999, Charlotte, N. Carolina, December.
  46. Hunt BW & Swatman PA (1998) "A Comprehensive Framework for the Acquisition and Deployment of Inter-Organisational Systems" Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Bled, Slovenia, June, 624-641.
  47. Carroll J, Hunt BW & Swatman PA (1998) "Quality Applications for Web-Enabled Electronic Commerce" Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Bled, Slovenia, June, 642-656.
  48. Dawson LL & Swatman PA (1998) "The Role of Object-Oriented Modelling Methods in Requirements Engineering", Proceedings of BCS-ISM Conference - 6th Annual Conference on Methodologies, Salford, England, 3-5 September.
  49. Nguyen L & Swatman PA (1998) "Supplementing Process-Oriented with Structure-Oriented Design Explanation within Formal Object Oriented Method" Proceedings of 17th Australian Software Engineering Conference - ASWEC'98, Adelaide, 9-13 November, IEEE Computer Society Press.
  50. Fowler DC & Swatman PA (1998) "Building Information Systems Development Methods: Synthesising from a Basis in both Theory and Practice", Proceedings of 17th Australian Software Engineering Conference - ASWEC'98, Adelaide, 9-13 November, IEEE Computer Society Press.
  51. Carroll J, Dawson LL & Swatman PA (1998) "Using Case Studies to Build Theory: Structure and Rigour", Proceedings of 9th Australasian Conference on Information Systems – ACIS-98, University of NSW, Sydney, 30 September - 2 October.
  52. Carroll J. & Swatman PA (1998) "The Process of Deriving Requirements: Learning From Practice", Proceedings of 9th Australasian Conference on Information Systems - ACIS'98, University of NSW, Sydney, 30 September - 2 October.
  53. Shanks G. & Swatman P.A. (1997) "Building and Using Corporate Data Models: A Case Study of Four Australian Banks", Proceedings of PACIS'97 - The Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, Brisbane, 3-5 April.
  54. Ratnasingham P & Swatman P.A. (1997) "Security in the EDI Context", Proceedings of PAWEC'97 - The 1st Pacific Asia Workshop on Electronic Commerce, Brisbane, 6 April.
  55. Wilde W.D. & Swatman P.A. (1997) "Telecommunications-Based Provision of Financial Services to Rural Australia", Proceedings of PAWEC'97 - The 1st Pacific Asia Workshop on Electronic Commerce, Brisbane, 6 April.
  56. Dawson L.L. & Swatman P.A. (1997) "Object-Oriented Requirements Engineering in Practice", Proceedings of ECIS'97 - 5th European Conference on Information Systems, Cork, Ireland, 19-21 June.
  57. Wilde W.D. & Swatman P.A. (1997) "Telecommunications-Based Service Provision to Rural Australia", Proceedings of 10th International Electronic Commerce Conference, Bled, Slovenia, 9-11 June.
  58. Ratnasingham P. & Swatman P.A. (1997) "Linking Controls to Risks in EDI Implementation", Proceedings of 10th International Electronic Commerce Conference, Bled, Slovenia, 9-11 June.
  59. Fowler D.C. & Swatman P.A. (1997) "Presenting Object Oriented Formal Requirements Specifications: Insights From An Action Research Study" Proceedings of 1st Irish Workshop on Formal Methods, Dublin, Ireland, 3-4th July.
  60. Carroll J. and Swatman P.A. (1997) "How Can the Requirements Engineering Process be Improved" Proceedings of ACIS'97 - 8th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 30 September - 2 October.
  61. Wilde W.D. and Swatman P.A. (1997) "Farmers and Virtual Communities in Rural Australia" Proceedings of CollECTeR'97 - 1st CollECTeR Workshop on Electronic Commerce, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 3 October.
  62. Matthews C. and Swatman P.A. (1997) "Fuzzy Z?" Proceedings of 2nd Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering, Macquarie University, October.
  63. Carroll J. And Swatman P.A. (1997) "Investigating the Requirements Engineering Process in Commercial Practice" Proceedings of 2nd Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering, Macquarie University, October.
  64. Fowler D.C. And Swatman P.A. (1997) "FOOM: Structure and Process" Proceedings of 2nd Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering, Macquarie University, October.
  65. Fowler D.C. and Swatman P.A. (1996) "Experiences in Developing a Requirements Engineering Method for Multi-organisational Systems", Proc Conf 9th International EDI-IOS Conference, Bled, Slovenia, June 10-12.
  66. Wilde W.D., Swatman P.A. & Fong T. (1996) "Virtual Communities in Rural Australia", Proc Conf. 9th International EDI-IOS Conference, Bled, Slovenia, June 10-12.
  67. Henderson-Sellers B., Graham I.M., Odell J.J., Reekskaug T., Swatman P.A. & Winder R. (1996) "The OPEN Heart", Proc. Conf. TOOLS 21CTechnology of Object Oriented Languages and Systems, Melbourne, December.
  68. Henderson-Sellers B., Graham I.M., Swatman P.A., Winder R. & Reenskaug T. (1996) "Using Object-oriented Techniques to Model the Lifecycle for OO Software Development", in Patel D., Sun Y. And Patel S. (Eds), Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Object Oriented Information Systems (OOIS'96), London, December, Springer Verlag, London, ISBN 3-540-76132-2, 211-220.
  69. Dawson L. & Swatman P.A. (1996) "Investigating the Efficiency of Object-Oriented Methods for Requirements Engineering", Proceedings of the 1st Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering, Melbourne, 23 September.
  70. Fowler D.C. & Swatman P.A. (1996) "Experiences in Using Participative Development to Build an Object Oriented Requirements Engineering Method", Proceedings of the 1st Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering, Melbourne, 23 September.
  71. Nguyen L., Swatman P.A. & Shanks G. (1996) "Incorporating Design Explanations into Formal Object-Oriented Method", Proceedings of the 1st Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering, Melbourne, 23 September.
  72. Parker C.M., Swatman P.M.C. & Swatman P.A. (1995) "Laboratory-Based Electronic Commerce: A Comparison of Technical and Business-Oriented Student Experiences", Proc Conf "ECIS'95" - 3rd European Conference on Information Systems, Athens, Greece, June 1-3.
  73. Fowler D.C., Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1995) "A Formal Approach to EDI Specification: Overcoming the Comprehension Problem", Proceedings of the EDI-Electronic Commerce Workshop of the 3rd European Conference on Information Systems, Athens, Greece, June 1-3.
  74. Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (1995) "FOOM - A Method for Acquiring Appropriate Inter-Organisational Systems", Proc Conf 8th International EDI-IOS Conference, Bled, Slovenia, June 5-8.
  75. Wafula E.N. and Swatman P.A. (1995) "Merging FOOM and MOSES: A Semantic Mapping from Object-Z to Structural Object-Oriented Diagrams", Proc. Conf. "ACIS'95" - 6th Australasian Conference on Information Systems,Perth, Western Australia, September 27-30.
  76. Tan C.H. and Swatman P.A. (1995) "Computerised Support for Requirements modelling in FOOM", Proc. Conf. "ACIS'95" - 6th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Perth, Western Australia, September 27-30.
  77. Swatman P.A., Pervan G., Hughes J. And Gricar J. (1995) "Developing Information Systems Research Programmes: A Challenge for the Post-1987 Universities", Proc. Conf. "ACIS'95" - 6th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Perth, Western Australia, September 27-30.
  78. Fowler D.C. and Swatman P.A. (1995) "The FOOM Approach to Validating Requirements Specifications", Proc. Inaugural COTAR Workshop - COTAR'95, 26 October, Sydney, 15-26.
  79. Tan C.H. and Swatman P.A. (1995) "Lessons from the Development of the FOOM CASE Tool", Proc. Inaugural COTAR Workshop - COTAR'95, 26 October, Sydney, 1-14.
  80. Wafula E.N. and Swatman P.A. (1995) "FOOM: A Diagrammatic Illustration of Inter-Object Communication in Object-Z Specifications", Proc. Conf. "APSEC'95" - 3rd Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, Brisbane, Queensland, December.
  81. Swatman P.A. (1994) "Management of Information Systems Development Projects", Proc. Conf. 1st Australian Conference on Modelling and Improving System Development - OzMISD-94, Lilydale, Victoria, 3-4 February, 115-131.
  82. Fowler D.C., Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (1994) "Using Formal Methods to Acquire an Understanding of the Requirements for an EDI Gateway", Proc Conf 4th Bellcore/BCC Conference on Electronic Data Delivery - "EDD'94", Somerset, New Jersey, May 10-12.
  83. Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (1994) "Linking Industry and EDI Researchers: an Electronic Meeting Place", In J. Gricar and J. Novak (Eds.) Electronic Commerce, Electronic Partnerships - Proceedings of the 7th International Electronic Data Interchange Conference, Bled, Slovenia, June 6-8, Moderna Organizacija, Kranj, Slovenia, 65-77.
  84. Fowler D.C., Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1994) "Corporate EDI Gateways: a Centralised Approach to Integrating EDI", Proc Conf "ACIS'94" - 5th Australian Conference on Information Systems, Melbourne, Victoria, September 27-29, 43-56.
  85. Parker C.M., Wafula E.N., Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1994) "Information Systems Research Methods: The Technology Transfer Problem", Proc Conf "ACIS'94" - 5th Australian Conference on Information Systems, Melbourne, Victoria, September 27-29, 197-208.
  86. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1993) "Business Process Redesign Using EDI: An Australian Success Story", In J. Gricar and J. Novak (Eds.) EDI: Strategic Systems in the Global Economy of the '90s - Proceedings of the 6th International Electronic Data Interchange Conference, Bled, Slovenia, June 7-9, Moderna Organizacija, Kranj, Slovenia, 116-137.
  87. Fowler D.C., Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (1993) "Implementing EDI in the Public Sector: Including Formality for Enhanced Control", In J. Gri…ar and J. Novak (Eds.) EDI: Strategic Systems in the Global Economy of the '90s - Proceedings of the 6th International Electronic Data Interchange Conference, Bled, Slovenia, June 7-9, Moderna Organizacija, Kranj, Slovenia, 244-256.
  88. Republished with minor modifications in Proc Conf 4th Australian Conference on Information Systems, Brisbane, Queensland, September.
  89. Galliers R.D., Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1993) "Strategic Information Systems Planning: Deriving Comparative Advantage from EDI", In J. Gri…ar and J. Novak (Eds.) EDI: Strategic Systems in the Global Economy of the '90s - Proceedings of the 6th International Electronic Data Interchange Conference, Bled, Slovenia, June 7-9, Moderna Organizacija, Kranj, Slovenia,197-206.
  90. Swatman P.M.C., Swatman P.A. and Fowler D.C. (1992) "Electronic Data Interchange: Platform for a Strategic Business Focus", Proc Conf 5th International Electronic Data Interchange Conference, Bled, Slovenia, September.
  91. Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (1992) "Managing the Formal Development of Information Systems", Proc Conf 2nd International Conference on Organization and Information Systems, Bled, Slovenia, September.
  92. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1992) "EDI Standards - Just How Important are They?", Proc Conf TIMS/ORSA, San Francisco, November.
  93. Swatman P.A. (1992) "Using Formal Methods in the Acquisition of Information Systems: Educating Information Systems Professionals", Proc Conf 7th Annual Z User Meeting, London, England, December.
  94. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1991) "Electronic Data Interchange: Organisational Opportunity - Not Technical Problem", Proc Conf "DBIS '91" - 2nd Australian Conference on Databases and Information Systems, University of New South Wales, Sydney, February.
  95. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1991) "Trading Blocs and Electronic Data Interchange: the Implications of Europe's Single Unified Market", Proc Conf 4th International Electronic Data Interchange Conference, Bled, Yugoslavia, June.
  96. Swatman P.A., Swatman P.M.C. and Duke R. (1991) "Electronic Data Interchange: A High-Level Formal Specification in Object-Z", Proc Conf "ASWEC '91" - 9th Australian Conference on Software Engineering, Sydney, July.
  97. Swatman P.A. (1991), "Using Object-Z in the Specification of Information Systems", 1st Australian Workshop on the Object-Oriented Approach, University of Technology, Sydney, September.
  98. Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (1991) "Are Information Systems Professionals Wrong to Ignore Formal Software Development Methods?", Proc Conf "SOST '91" - the 2nd Shaping Organisations, Shaping Technology Conference, Adelaide, October.
  99. Swatman P.M.C., Swatman P.A. and Fowler D.C. (1991) "The Urgent Case for EDI Standards", Proc Conf "ACC '91" - Australian Computer Conference, Adelaide, October.
  100. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1991) "Integrating EDI into the Organisation: a Model of the Stages of Integration", Proc Conf "ICIS '91" - 12th Annual International Conference on Information Systems, New York, December.
  101. Swatman P.A., Fowler D.C. and Gan M.C.Y. (1991) "Extending the Useful Application Domain for Formal Methods", Proc 6th Annual Z User Meeting, York, England, December.
  102. Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (1990) "The Reusability Issue - Perspectives from Software Engineering and Information Systems", Proc Conf "ACIS '90" - 1st Australian Conference on Information Systems, Melbourne, February.
  103. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1989) "Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and its Implications for Industry", Proc Conf "SOST '89" - Shaping Organisations, Shaping Technology, Terrigal, N.S.W., May.
  104. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1989) "Europe's Single Unified Market 1992 - a Spur to the Development of Electronic Data Interchange?", Proc Conf "ACC '89" - Australian Computer Conference, Perth, Western Australia, August.

Public Tutorials:

  1. Swatman P.A. (1997) AOPEN: "A Third Generation OO Methodology - Advanced Tasks and Techniques", Tutorial Presentation, 4th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC-97), Hong Kong, 2-5 December.
  2. Younessi H. & Swatman P.A. (1996) "Evolutionary Object Oriented Software Development and its Implications on Project Management", Tutorial Presentation, 3rd Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC-96), Seoul, 4-7 December.
  3. Swatman P.A. & Younessi H. (1996) "FOOM: Requirements Engineering for Highly Conformant Information Systems", Tutorial Presentation, 3rd Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC-96), Seoul, 4-7 December.
  4. Swatman P.A. & Dampney C.N.G. (1996) "Tutorial Presentation, "Intuitive Information Systems Formal Requirements and Design-Illustrations from OO-ER Models and Theoretical Foundations" 7th Australasian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS-96), Hobart, 9-13 December.
  5. Duke R. and Swatman P.A. (1994) "Adopting Formal Object-Oriented Methods in Industry", Tutorial Presentation, TOOLS Pacific '94, Melbourne, November.
  6. Swatman P.A. (1991) "Using Formal Methods in the Development of Information Systems", Tutorial Presentation, "SOST '91" - the 2nd Shaping Organisations, Shaping Technology Conference, Adelaide, October.

Invited Papers:

  1. Swatman P.A. (2002) The Nature and Extent of the Requirements Engineering Profession, Keynote Address, Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering, Melbourne, December 2-3.
  2. Swatman P.A. (2001) Investigating the Impact of IT&T, as an enabler of eBusiness, on Rural, Regional and Remote Communities, HERMES Research Workshop, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany, May.
  3. Swatman P.A. (2000) "Rigour vs Relevance in IS Research: Perspectives from IS and the Reference Disciplines"Proc. Conf. European Conference on Information Systems, Vienna, Austria, July 3-5.
  4. Swatman P.A. (1998) "CollECTeR: An International eCommerce Research Institute", an invited address presented at 11th International Electronic Commerce Conference, Bled, Slovenia, 8-10 June.
  5. Swatman P.A. (1998) "The Independent Requirements Engineer: An Idiosyncratic View of Requirements Engineering", a public seminar presented at University of Hohenheim, University of Regensberg, University of Münster and the University of Koblenz, Germany, June/July.
  6. Swatman P.A. (1998) "Electronic Commerce and Electronic Commerce Research in Australia", a public seminar presented at Business University of Vienna and the University of Münster, Germany, June/July.
  7. Swatman P.A. (Panel Organiser and Chair) (1997) "Empowering SMEs: Initiatives in Electronic Commerce in support of SMEs", Proceedings of 10th International Electronic Commerce Conference, Bled, Slovenia, 9-11 June.
  8. Swatman P.A. (1996) "Object-Oriented Electronic Commerce", Object World Australia, Sydney, August 27-30.
  9. Swatman P.A. (Panel Organiser and Chair) (1995) "Developing Information Systems Research Programmes: A Challenge for the Post-1987 Universities", Proc Conf AACIS 95" - 6th Annual Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Perth, September 27-29.
  10. Swatman P.A (Panel Member) (1994) "Interorganizational Business Simulation and Gaming: Rethinking Information Systems Curricula", Proc Conf "ICIS '94" - 15th Annual International Conference on Information Systems, Vancouver, Canada, December.
  11. Swatman P.A. (1993) "Using Object-Z in the Specification of Information Systems" Colorado Seminar Series in Advanced Software Topics, Denver, Colorado, January.
  12. Swatman P.A. (1993) "Using Formal Specification in the Acquisition of Information Systems: Educating I.S. Professionals", State University of Colorado Department of Computer Science Seminar Series, Fort Collins, Colorado, January.
  13. Swatman P.A. (1993) "Increasing Formality in the Development of (Management) Information Systems", McMaster University Department of Computer Science Seminar Series, Hamilton, Ontario, February.
  14. Swatman P.A. (Panel Organiser and Chair) (1993) "Group Decision Support Systems and Modelling Paradigms for Business Reengineering in the Context of Multi-Organisational Systems", 3rd International Symposium on Teaching and Researching EDI, Bled, Slovenia, June.
  15. Swatman P.A. (1993) "Object Oriented Methods in the I.S. Domain", Workshop on Formal Aspects of Object Oriented Systems, Monash University, Melbourne, 3rd December.
  16. Swatman P.A. (1992) "A Synthesis of Theory from the Domains of Information Systems and Software Engineering: Towards an Improved Practice of Information Systems Acquisition", Invited Seminar, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K., January.
  17. Swatman P.A. (1992) "The Application of Formal Specification in Information Systems" and "A Case Study in Formal Specification", Software Quality Assurance and Management Certificate Course, SQAA/ACS, University of Western Australia - 7/4/92.
  18. Swatman P.A. (1992) "The Application of Formal Specification in Information Systems" and "A Case Study in Formal Specification", Software Quality Assurance and Management Certificate Course, SQAA/ACS, Telecom Australia - 13/4/92.
  19. Swatman P.A. (Panel Organiser and Chair) (1992) "Information Analysis - Can Formal Methods Help?", 3rd Australian Conference on Information Systems - Information Systems as Organisational Processes, Wollongong, NSW, October.
  20. Swatman P.A. (1991) "Formal Specification in Information Systems Acquisition", Invited Seminar, Praxis PLC., Bath, England, 15th January.
  21. Swatman P.A. (1991) "Formal Specification in Information Systems Acquisition", Invited Seminar, Teesside Polytechnic, Middlesborough, England, 17th January.
  22. Swatman P.A. (1991) "Software Development Methodology", Software Quality Assurance and Management Certificate Course, SQAA/ACS, University of Western Australia - 26/3/91.
  23. Swatman P.A. (1991) "Building Formally Verified Software Systems" and "A Case Study in Formal Specification for Information Systems" Software Quality Assurance and Management Course, SQAA/ACS, University of Western Australia - 9/4/91.
  24. Swatman P.A. (1991) "The Application of Formal Specification in Information Systems" and "A Case Study in Formal Specification", Software Quality Assurance and Management Certificate Course, SQAA/ACS, University of Western Australia - 12/12/91.

Other Published Articles:

  1. Carroll, J.M. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) Managing the RE Process: Lessons from Commercial Practice, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/01.
  2. Carroll, J.M. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) Opportunism in the Requirements Engineering Process, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/02.
  3. Carroll, J.M. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) Building Understanding of Information Systems Practice: Research in the Field, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/03
  4. Carroll, J.M. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) Structured-case: A Rigorous Method For Building Relevant Theory in Information Systems, School of Management Information Systems, DeakinUniversity, Working Paper 1999/07.
  5. Nguyen, L., Swatman, P.A. and Shanks, G. (1999) Using Design Explanation within Formal Object Oriented Method, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/09
  6. Castleman, T., Swatman, P.A. and Parker, C.M. (1999) Issues in the Implementation of Electronic Commerce in the Human Services: Reflections on the Victorian Initiatives, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/10.
  7. Wilde, W.D. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) A Preliminary Theory of Telecommunications Enhanced Communities, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/13
  8. Nguyen, L., Carroll, J.M. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) Supporting and Monitoring the Creativity of IS Personnel During the Requirements Engineering Process, School of Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/14.
  9. Nguyen, L. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) Essential and Incidental Complexity in Requirements Models, School of Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/15.
  10. Carroll, J.M. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) Structured-Case in Action: Building Theory from Practice, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/16.
  11. Carroll, J.M., Swatman, P.A. and Tanya Castleman (1999 Building Predictive Theory From Interpretive Research In MIS, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University,Working Paper 1999/17.
  12. Dawson, L. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) The Use of Object-Oriented Models in Requirements Engineering: A Field Study, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/18.
  13. Dawson, L. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) Formal and Informal Modelling in Object-Oriented Requirements Engineering, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University Working Paper 1999/19.
  14. Nguyen, L. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) Complementary Use of ad hoc and post hoc Design Rationale for Creating and Organising Process Knowledge, School of Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/20.
  15. Fowler, D.C., Parker, C.M., Swatman, P.M.C. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) An Electronic Document Exchange Platform as a Mechanism for Supply Chain Management: an Australian Case Study, School of Management Information Systems, University, Working Paper 1999/22
  16. Fowler, D.C., Henderson-Sellers, B. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) A Requirements Engineering Process for OPEN Development, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/23.
  17. Matthews, C. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) Fuzzy Concepts and Formal Methods: An Extended Notation for Z, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/36.
  18. Matthews, C. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) Fuzzy Concepts and Formal Methods: Some Illustrative Examples, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/37.
  19. Matthews, C. and Swatman, P.A. (1999) Fuzzy Z - The Extended Notation Toolkit (Version 0), School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1999/38.
  20. Dawson, L.L. and Swatman, P.A. (1998) The Role of Object-Oriented Modelling Methods in Requirements Engineering, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1998/7.
  21. Carroll, J.M. and Swatman, P.A. (1998) The Process of Deriving Requirements: Learning From Practice, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1998/11.
  22. Carroll, J.M., Dawson, L.L. and Swatman, P.A. (1998) Using Case Studies to Build Theory: Structure and Rigour, School of Management Information Systems, Deakin University, Working Paper 1998/12.
  23. Hunt B. & Swatman P.A. (1997) "The Information Broker as an Alternative to Web Search Engines in Sourcing Potential Suppliers of Goods and Services" Proceedings of 10th International Electronic Commerce Conference, Bled, Slovenia, 9-11 June.
  24. Tan C.H. and Swatman P.A. (1995) "Computerised Support for Requirements Modelling in FOOM", Centre for Information Systems Research Working Paper #95-6, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, May.
  25. Wafula E.N. and Swatman P.A. (1995) "Merging FOOM and MOSES: A Semantic Mapping from Object-Z to Structural Object-Oriented Diagrams", Centre for Information Systems Research Working Paper #95-7, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, May.
  26. Wafula E.N. and Swatman P.A. (1995) AFOOM: "Diagrammatic Illustration of Inter-Object Communication in Object-Z Specifications", Centre for Information Systems Research Working Paper #95-9, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, May.
  27. Fowler D.C., Swatman P.A. and Wafula E.N. (1994) "Formal Methods in the IS Domain: Introducing a Notation for Presenting Object-Z Specifications", Centre for Information Systems Research Working Paper #94-1, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, April.
  28. Parker C.M., Wafula E.N., Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1994) "IS Research Methods: the Technology Transfer Problem", Centre for Information Systems Research Working Paper #94-2, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, April.
  29. Fowler D.C. and Swatman P.A. (1994) "Validating Object-Oriented Formal Requirements Specifications: A Description of an Action Research Study", Centre for Information Systems Research Working Paper #94-13, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, December.
  30. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1993) "Business Process Redesign Using EDI: the BHP Steel Experience", Curtin University Department of Computer Science Technical Report 11 -1993, April.
  31. Fowler D.C., Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (1993) "Implementing EDI in the Public Sector: Including Formality for Enhanced Control", Curtin University Department of Computer Science Technical Report 14 - 1993, May.
  32. Galliers R.D., Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1993) "Strategic Information Systems Planning: Deriving Comparative Advantage from EDI", Warwick Business School Working Paper Series, University of Warwick, May.
  33. Fowler D.C., Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1993) "EDI Corporate Gateways", Curtin University Department of Computer Science Technical Report 16 - 1993, June.
  34. Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (1992) "Managing the Formal Specification of Information Systems", Curtin University Department of Computing Science Technical Report 5 - 1992, April.
  35. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1992) "Electronic Data Interchange: Platform for a Strategic Business Focus", Curtin University Department of Computing Science Technical Report 7 - 1992, April.
  36. Swatman P.A. (1992) "Formal Specification in the domain of (Management) Information Systems: Educating Information Systems Professionals, Curtin University Department of Computing Science Technical Report 13 - 1992, July.
  37. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1991) "The Strategic Importance of Integrating Electronic Data Interchange into the Organisation", Curtin University School of Computing Science Technical Report No 3 - 1991, March.
  38. Swatman P.A., Swatman P.M.C. and Duke R. (1991) "Electronic Data Interchange: A High-Level Formal Specification in Object-Z", Curtin University School of Computing Science Technical Report No 4 - 1991, March.
  39. Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (1991) "Formal Specification: An Analytic Tool for Information Systems", Curtin University School of Computing Science Technical Report No 6 - 1991, May.
  40. Swatman P.A. (1991), "Object Oriented Formal Specification of Information Systems", Western Australian Joint Computer Science Seminar Series, Murdoch University, Perth, October.
  41. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1991) "EDI Systems Integration: A Definition and Literature Survey", Curtin University Department of Computing Science Technical Report No 12 - 1991, October.
  42. Swatman P.M.C. and Swatman P.A. (1990) "Electronic Data Interchange: An Organisational Opportunity (Not a Technical Problem)", Curtin University School of Computing Science Technical Report No 4 - 1990, August.
  43. Swatman P.A., Swatman P.M.C. and Marshall P.W. (1989) "The Innovative Software House: A Model of Possibilities and Pitfalls", Curtin University School of Business Working Paper No. 2 - 1989, June.
  44. Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (1989) "Two Approaches to Reusability", Curtin University School of Computing Science Technical Report No. 5 - 1989, November.
  45. Swatman P.A. and Swatman P.M.C. (1989) "Prototyping within the MIS Design Cycle" Curtin University School of Computing Science Technical Report No. 6 - 1989, December.

Expertise for Media Contact

I am able to provide media comment in the following areas of expertise:

Discipline: Information Systems/Information Technology

  • Requirements Engineering
  • Diffusion of Innovation
  • Social Informatics

Research Degree Supervisor

I’m currently interested in further building a team to undertake research in specific areas of Information Systems. In the short/medium term, the core of the team’s research activity will derive from and extend existing research programmes established over the last three years in Germany and, earlier, in Victoria and Western Australia – see “research interests” above. I’d be interested in receiving expressions of interest from students interested in pursuing doctoral studies at the University, within the scope of one of the research programmes outlined below. There are opportunities within these programmes at both postgraduate (PhD/Masters) and Honours levels. Prospective students could either have a background in Information Systems or Software Engineering (and an interest in social informatics or systems analysis/requirements engineering), or more broadly-based skills combining computing with a background in the social and/or organisational sciences.

Current Projects:

 ICT for Sustainable Communities
 This research programme is concerned with the problems faced by geographically disadvantaged communities. The focus of one part of our work, so far, has been to draw upon theory arising from IS/IT Strategy and Planning then extend its focus from ‘the organisation’ both to virtual organisations and particularly to Rural, Regional and Remote (R3) communities [13, 26. 31, 34, 36, 39, 43]. Another strand of work, under this programme, has focused on IT&T support for the management of social and health service provision [1, 6, 14, 38].
The theme running through this work is that of initiating and effectively managing ICT enabled change in situations in which there is an influence network but no formal authority structure.
Potential projects under this programme are manifold – but they might, perhaps, focus on:
• Communities associated with delivery categories of service: health, social services, education, etc. Both community-specific and comparative work would be appropriate
• Using ICT to expand the community to form critical mass – e.g. expanding the geographic boundaries within which individuals and organisations might consider themselves to be members of the community
• Extending the focus of study from the R3 context to, eg, the suburban
• Extending the context of study beyond R3 Australia. To date, the only preliminary work, in this sense, which has been undertaken is in the context of the recent expansion of the European Union (and this work might be extended). Extensions to other geographic regions are, of course, entirely open.
Requirements Engineering/Systems Analysis Creativity
 The ultimate aim of the RE Creativity Programme [2-5, 7, 11, 22-25, 27-30, 32, 37, 40-42] is the effective management of the RE process in organisations. In conventional wisdom, the “ideal” Requirements Engineering/Systems Analysis process is conceptualised as smooth, systematic and incrementally evolutionary. Our empirical research has, however, strongly suggested that, in practice, such a process is neither natural nor, in fact, desirable. The natural process appears to be one of “learning” and appears to be composed of periods of evolutionary learning separated by instances of radical reinterpretation and reorganisation of learning triggered by sudden insight – see the figure, right. Potential projects (involving both theoretic and empirical work) within the scope of this programme might extend confidence in the generality of our results and/or provide some scaling for these results – for example, while we hypothesise that too many “insight-driven reconceptualisations” (IDRs) indicates a lack of persistence; and too few IDRs indicate a lack of flexibility, we do not know how to measure “too many/too few”. If we do not know how to identify when an IDR is overdue, nor (except semantically) when an IDR is spurious, we cannot reliably enhance a Project Manager’s ability to evaluate/control progress. Additional potential projects might include, but not be limited to:
• Comparative work (in the context of this general process framework) in the modelling of the requirements engineering/systems analysis process across:
o Different underlying problem situations: technical, business, or socially pervasive
o Differing access to the users: in an organisational setting (identifiable, coercible user base) vis à vis in an open setting – imagine the RE?SA associated with the initial development of the Amazon web site (unknown users, users only by “free choice”, “social construction” of the innovation)
o Differing classes of underlying problem: machine control/replac
The Price of Convenience
 The ultimate aim of the PoC Programe [7, 9, 15-17, 19-21] is to develop a statistically reliable process for ICT innovation evaluation and diffusion. The conceptual framework underlying this project is illustrated in the figure. The unit of analysis is the potential/actual innovation adopter and the fundamental assumption is that, probabilistically, a (potential) user’s adoption/usage decisions (adoption/usage behaviour) can be predicted from the user’s “attitude” to the innovation. User attitude is contextually-based and is dynamic. Substantial work within this programme has already been undertaken relating to (i) acceptability of biometrically-secured ID cards in Europe and (ii) adoption of mCommerce and, more generally, nomadic ICT products and services. This research has focused, so far, on the triad of criteria: convenience, privacy loss, societal security exposure – and there is a significant tension here. Our fundamental theoretic work has addressed: dynamics of opinion formation [7, 19]; comparative analysis of our approach vis a vis, eg, Diffusion of Innovation (Rogers), TAM (Davies) and others [17]; Cultural Context (after Hofstede); “community” as the context in which opinion is formed [15]; Behavioural Archetypes (after Weber) [20]. Our empirical work, which, so far, represents preliminary testing of our framework, has been based on a grounded theoretic approach to media content analysis and has included a cross-cultural exploration and a historical review of Internet adoption (which we believe may form a useful surrogate for nomadic/mCommerce innovation adoption) [19]. Potential projects within the scope of this research programme include, but are by no means limited to:
• Empirical study of attitude/behaviour dynamics focusing on:
o a number of specific ICT innovations, and analysing the strengths and weaknesses of the PoC framework vis à vis, for example, TAM
o cross-cultural issues
• Extending the focal decision criteria beyond the curr



Change | Staff home page help